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July 5, 2024, 12:44 pm

Footnote 35 This silence can be interpreted as a tacit territorial compromise between the conservative government of the City of Paris and the communist municipalities of the Département de la Seine. 11 Wacquant, Urban Outcasts. Posible influencia de la subsidencia y fracturamiento en. Implications of Projected Climate Change for Groundwater Recharge in the Western United States.

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With these instruments, it became the dominant agent of urban development and compensated its failure to contain the massive illegal squatting after World War Two. In the radically changed geopolitical situation of the Cold War and the rise of Communist China, it became a frontier territory between the Western and the Eastern blocs. A colonial strategy of spatial containment. We conclude that the processes of peripheralization have such a strong impact on the trajectory of mass housing urbanization that they override planning concepts or architectural typologies that seek to counter peripheralization. This exception was reserved for a comparatively small minority of working-class citizens and occurred only during two decades. 52 Tellier, Politiques de la ville, 287; David, "La resorption des bidonvilles de Saint Denis"; Blanc-Chaléard, "De la résorption des bidonvilles", 15; 53 Lévy-Vroelant, Schaefer, and Tutin, "Social Housing in France", 136. Living on reclaimed land in mexico city has provided a list. In this context, mass housing urbanization was reshaped by new territorial logics and integrated into an encompassing strategy of metropolization. In the last four years, GSD has picked up the pace on its Mexico studio courses, research fellowships, and summer and Wintersession offerings, which included one last month. On the other hand, the grands ensembles also housed people displaced by the urban renewal of working-class neighbourhoods in the City of Paris. Dillon, P. Future Management of Aquifer Recharge. Interpreted in combination with the socio-economic peripheralization revealed by our analysis – which this type of map cannot show – the entire territorial pattern of Mexico City can be read as a diagram of the inherent violence of this process.

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Footnote 16 The goal of this wider comparative agenda is both to acknowledge the diversity of urbanization processes and to theorize their intrinsic global interconnectedness. The paradox of physical upgrading and social discipline. This article highlights how state-led mass housing urbanization initiated and aggravated processes of peripheralization in Hong Kong, Mexico City, and Paris. This strategic change was a reaction to two riots that constituted a real threat to the social order and the legitimacy of the colony and increased geopolitical tensions with China. MAR Projects, Types, Objectives, and Geographical Distribution. 5 million loans on its books. They were the culmination of earlier protests demanding the government address pressing social needs and indicated the rise of local political consciousness. The colonial government assumed a much more interventionist role in the economy and society and re-established its own domination over the production of urban space, land supply, and population management in a new territorial order. Living on reclaimed land in Mexico City has provided __________. - Brainly.com. Second, we analyse the governmental rationales and territorial strategies, land regimes, housing markets, and subjectivities in the different political and socio-economic contexts of these urban regions. 5 million inhabitants in 1954–7.

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Footnote 89 It is based on a policy of decentralization pursued by the national government since 1994 and on a series of far-reaching constitutional reforms in the 1990s, particularly decisive was a land reform, a financial market reform and a pension reform as we expand on in the following. The makeover of Mexico City –. The everyday lives of both groups were thus affected either by long daily commutes or by controlled routines and social isolation in a monotonous and extremely dense environment kept under strong surveillance. In this first phase, both cases also showed different forms of the peripheralization of the everyday. At present, much of what gets built is informal; no architects need apply.

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29 Nivet, "La formation du bastion gaulliste", 251. Science & Mathematics. 26 Décret n° 58–1464 relatif aux zones à urbaniser en priorité. The main source of income and the main instrument of domination of the colonial government was the leasehold system of the 'Crown Land' that constituted the original territory of the colony; namely, Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula. Loïc Wacquant calls this polarity between affluent and impoverished neighbourhoods 'advanced marginality'. In its long-term housing policy programme launched in 1987, the colonial government shifted its attention from public rental housing to the subsidized sale of housing and introduced new incentives to boost homeownership. The instruments we identified in the three cases are government land ownership, expropriation, financial incentives, privatization, and various forms of public-private collaboration. Identification of in situ requirements of available water||The National Water Commission (CONAGUA) publishes periodically water availability studies. Elsevier: Boston, CA, USA, 2014; pp. 75 Ho, Making Hong Kong. Water | Free Full-Text | An Overview of Managed Aquifer Recharge in Mexico and Its Legal Framework. Footnote 34 Astonishingly, the communist press did not take much notice of the 'renovation and deportation' (rénovation-déportation), as critics called it at the time. The twenty-two ZUPs launched in the Paris region from 1959 to 1969 comprised 140, 000 housing units and covered a territory of nearly 6, 000 hectares – half the size of the City of Paris. Squatters became tenants and were institutionalized and managed by the Housing Authority, which not only became the largest housing provider in Hong Kong Footnote 74, but also developed into a huge technocratic and managerial colonial institution.

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Su Casita, Mexico's second-largest private lending institution went bankrupt in the same year. Throughout the 1990s, urban uprisings erupted in the Parisian banlieue almost yearly, tying the urban model of the grands ensembles to the imaginary of racialized socio-economic precarity and violence. Mendoza-Cázares et al. The most important precondition for mass housing urbanization is land ownership or, more precisely, the capacity of state actors to control, repurpose, and reallocate large swathes of land. Often, it even follows a socially destructive pattern. Footnote 64 Mass housing urbanization, which began as an immediate response to a social crisis, thus evolved into a governmental strategy for the territorial containment and colonial control of the immigrant population. Living on reclaimed land in mexico city has provided data. The concluding section directly compares the three cases, unfolds our taxonomy of peripheralization through mass housing urbanization, and discusses the role of the state and its colonizing strategies in the production of urban territories. Beyond 2012, 25, 115. 18 Schmid et al, "Towards a new Vocabulary of Urbanisation Processes: A Comparative Approach"; Streule et al., "Popular Urbanization. Membership, heavily subsidized by the city, costs $30 a year. Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Key Element in Sonora River Basin Management, Mexico. "If you come at noon, it's hard to find a seat.

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The government changed its territorial strategy towards metropolization, rail-based urban development, and the implementation of urban renewal programmes. In the early 1970s, Henri Lefebvre gave the centre-periphery-relationship a pivotal role in his theory of the production of space. Water 2014, 6, 1257–1279. Mortgage loans were made more accessible, and the target groups were expanded to include wider social strata. Despite state rescue strategies, the model of the mega conjuntos seems to have come to an inglorious end. This process had begun during the real estate boom of the late 1970s, when developers raised capital by listing their companies on the Hong Kong stock exchange. In 2020, the income ceiling for social housing in the Paris region for a young couple was at €57, 000, which corresponds to the 10 per cent of highest incomes of the entire French population. Zugmeyer, C. ; Steichen, S. ; Martin, A. For an attempt at a definition of the time, see Lacoste, "Un problème complexe et débattu". Living on reclaimed land in mexico city has provided by song2play.com. Rodriguez, C. ; Van Buynder, P. ; Lugg, R. ; Blair, P. ; Devine, B. ; Cook, A. ; Weinstein, P. Indirect Potable Reuse: A Sustainable Water Supply Alternative.

It then turned into an instrument to produce and reproduce an industrial working class. It constitutes the heart of a nation where "geography has been destiny, " said Jose Castillo, '95, '00. Part of the Infonavit-funded project is within GSD's executive education program, directed by Rena Fonseca, Ph. Experts there see the growing city as a vast, mutating, proximate laboratory for studying the common challenges of megacities. It was a time of industrial growth, land reform, and the new oil economy. Water Governance and MAR. Footnote 78 With the massive influx of local and global capital, private developers bought cheap farmland from villagers to keep it in their land banks for speculative use, and they started to build large-scale condominium towers and malls for the growing middle classes, first, in the 1980s, in the New Towns of Shatin and Tsuen Wan, and, a decade later, in Tin Shui Wai and Tsueng Kwan O. Because its goal was to restore colonial control and spatial order, resettlement was conceived as spatial containment, not as a welfare provision, and emphasized efficiency and quantity, not quality. Morales-Escalante [73] |. In this first phase of mass housing urbanization, the grands ensembles functioned as enclaves of accelerated modernization for the white and French part of the population, offering a modern but peripheralized mass consumer environment. Although the colonial government did not provide direct support to industries like other fast-industrializing South-East Asian countries due to the opposition of British business groups, Footnote 67 it can be argued that mass housing was a form of collective consumption organized by the colonial government that constituted a kind of wage subsidy to industries by lowering costs for the reproduction of labour power.